Feem ntau cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag npog lub ntiaj teb lub ru tsev, teb, thiab cov suab puam niaj hnub no muaj tib cov khoom xyaw: crystalline silicon.Cov khoom, ua los ntawm raw polysilicon, yog zoo li tus wafers thiab xaim rau hauv lub hnub ci hlwb, cov khoom siv uas hloov lub hnub ci rau hauv hluav taws xob.Tsis ntev los no, kev lag luam kev vam khom rau qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis no tau dhau los ua ib qho kev lav phib xaub.Cov khoom siv chain bottlenecksqeeb qeebtshiab solar installations thoob ntiaj teb.Cov neeg muag khoom loj polysilicon nyob hauv Suav teb cheeb tsam Xinjiang -raug liam tias siv dag zog los ntawm Uyghurs- tab tom ntsib US kev rau txim lag luam.
Hmoov zoo, crystalline silicon tsis yog cov khoom siv nkaus xwb uas tuaj yeem pab siv lub hnub lub zog.Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam tau ua haujlwm los nthuav tawm cadmium telluride hnub ci tshuab.Cadmium telluride yog ib hom "thin film" solar cell, thiab, raws li lub npe qhia, nws yog thinner dua li ib txwm silicon cell.Niaj hnub no, panels siv cadmium telluridemuab kwv yees li 40 feem puantawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov nqi hluav taws xob ua lag luam, thiab kwv yees li 5 feem pua ntawm lub ntiaj teb hnub ci kev lag luam.Thiab lawv sawv kom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov cua daj cua dub ntsib kev lag luam hnub ci dav.
Kelsey Goss, tus kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hnub ci rau lub zog pab tswv yim pab pawg Wood Mackenzie tau hais tias "Nws yog lub sijhawm tsis hloov pauv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom siv crystalline silicon feem ntau."Muaj lub peev xwm zoo rau cov tuam txhab cadmium telluride los ua lag luam ntau dua xyoo tom ntej."Tshwj xeeb, nws tau sau tseg tias, txij li cadmium telluride sector tau nce zuj zus.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli, lub tuam txhab hnub ci First Solar tau hais tias nws yuavnqis peev $680 labnyob rau hauv lub thib peb cadmium telluride hnub ci Hoobkas nyob rau sab qaum teb hnub poob Ohio.Thaum lub chaw ua haujlwm tiav lawm, xyoo 2025, lub tuam txhab yuav muaj peev xwm ua tau 6 gigawatts tus nqi ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag hauv cheeb tsam.Qhov ntawd txaus rau lub zog kwv yees li 1 lab Asmeskas tsev.Lwm lub tuam txhab Ohio-based hnub ci, Toledo Hnub Ci, tsis ntev los no tau nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam thiab tab tom ua cadmium telluride panels rau cov vaj tsev nyob.Thiab nyob rau lub Rau Hli, US Department of Energy thiab nws National Renewable Energy Laboratory, lossis NREL,pib qhov kev pab cuam $20 labtxhawm rau txhawm rau tshawb fawb thiab loj hlob cov saw hlau rau cadmium telluride.Ib lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev pab cuam yog los pab tiv thaiv US hnub ci kev lag luam los ntawm kev txwv thoob ntiaj teb.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm NREL thiab Thawj Hnub Ci, yav dhau los hu ua Solar Cell Inc., tau ua haujlwm ua ke txij li thaum xyoo 1990 los tsim kho.cadmium telluride technology.Cadmium thiab telluride yog cov khoom ntawm smelting zinc ores thiab refining tooj liab, feem.Thaum silicon wafers tau xaim ua ke los ua cov hlwb, cadmium thiab telluride yog siv los ua ib txheej nyias - txog ib feem kaum ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau - mus rau lub khob iav, nrog rau lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.Thawj Hnub Ci, tam sim no lub ntiaj teb loj tshaj plaws nyias zaj duab xis chaw tsim khoom, tau muab cov vaj huam sib luag rau kev teeb tsa hnub ci hauv 45 lub teb chaws.
Cov thev naus laus zis muaj qee qhov zoo dua crystalline silicon, hais tias NREL tus kws tshawb fawb Lorelle Mansfield.Piv txwv li, cov txheej txheem zaj duab xis nyias yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg dua li txoj hauv kev wafer.Nyias zaj duab xis thev naus laus zis kuj yog qhov zoo rau kev siv hauv cov vaj huam sib luag hloov tau, zoo li cov uas npog cov hnab ev ntawv lossis cov drones los yog muab tso rau hauv lub tsev façades thiab qhov rais.Qhov tseem ceeb, cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias nyias ua tau zoo dua hauv qhov kub thiab txias, thaum silicon panels tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob, nws hais.
Tab sis crystalline silicon muaj sab tes xis nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw, xws li lawv qhov nruab nrab efficiency - lub ntsiab lus feem pua ntawm cov hnub ci uas panels nqus thiab hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob.Keeb kwm, silicon panels tau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li cadmium telluride thev naus laus zis, txawm hais tias qhov sib txawv yog nqaim.Hnub no cov khoom tsim ua silicon tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm18 mus rau 22 feem pua, thaum Thawj Hnub Ci tau tshaj tawm qhov kev ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm 18 feem pua rau nws cov khoom lag luam tshiab tshaj plaws.
Tseem, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm silicon tau ua lag luam thoob ntiaj teb yog qhov yooj yim.Goss tau hais tias "Nws tag nrho los ntawm tus nqi," Goss hais."Lub hnub ci kev lag luam feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas pheej yig tshaj."
Crystalline silicon raug nqi kwv yees li ntawm $ 0.24 txog $ 0.25 los tsim txhua watt ntawm lub hnub ci zog, uas yog tsawg dua li lwm tus neeg sib tw, nws hais.Thawj Hnub Ci tau hais tias nws tsis tshaj tawm cov nqi-ib-watt los tsim nws cov cadmium telluride panels, tsuas yog cov nqi tau "tsis muaj nqis" txij li xyoo 2015 - thaum lub tuam txhabqhia tus nqi ntawm $0.46 ib watt- thiab txuas ntxiv poob txhua xyoo.Muaj ob peb lub laj thawj rau silicon tus txheeb ze pheej yig.Cov khoom siv raw polysilicon, uas tseem siv rau hauv computers thiab smartphones, muaj ntau thiab pheej yig dua li cov khoom siv ntawm cadmium thiab telluride.Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom rau cov vaj huam sib luag silicon thiab cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam tau nce, tag nrho cov nqi ntawm kev tsim thiab txhim kho thev naus laus zis tau poob qis.Tsoom fwv Suav kuj tau hnyav heevtxhawb thiab pablub teb chaws silicon hnub ci sector - ntau npaum li ntawdtxog 80 feem puantawm lub ntiaj teb lub hnub ci kev tsim khoom lag luam tam sim no khiav los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Cov nqi vaj huam sib luag poob tau tsav lub ntiaj teb hnub ci boom.Tshaj li kaum xyoo dhau los, lub ntiaj teb tag nrho cov teeb tsa hnub ci tau pom ze li kaum npaug, los ntawm kwv yees li 74,000 megawatts hauv 2011 mus txog ze li ntawm 714,000 megawatts hauv 2020,raws liLub koom haum International Renewable Energy Agency.Tebchaws Meskas suav txog ib feem xya ntawm lub ntiaj teb tag nrho, thiab hnub ci yog tam sim noib qhov chaw loj tshaj plawsntawm lub peev xwm tshiab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa hauv Asmeskas txhua xyoo.
Tus nqi ib watt ntawm cadmium telluride thiab lwm yam nyias zaj duab xis thev naus laus zis zoo ib yam xav tias yuav txo qis thaum tsim khoom nthuav dav.(Thawj Solar hais tiastias thaum nws qhov chaw Ohio tshiab qhib, lub tuam txhab yuav xa tus nqi qis tshaj plaws rau ib lub watt ntawm tag nrho lub hnub ci kev lag luam.) Tab sis tus nqi tsis yog ib qho kev ntsuas uas tseem ceeb, vim tias kev lag luam tam sim no cov khoom lag luam muaj teeb meem thiab kev txhawj xeeb txog kev ua haujlwm ua kom pom tseeb.
Mark Widmar, CEO ntawm Thawj Hnub Ci, tau hais tias lub tuam txhab tau npaj $ 680 lab nthuav dav yog ib feem ntawm kev siv zog ntau dua los tsim kom muaj cov saw hlau txaus rau tus kheej thiab "decouple" US hnub ci kev lag luam los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.Txawm hais tias cadmium telluride panels tsis siv ib qho polysilicon, Thawj Hnub Ci tau xav tias muaj lwm yam teeb meem ntsib kev lag luam, xws li kev kis tus kab mob kis mus rau hauv kev lag luam xa nkoj hiav txwv.Thaum lub Plaub Hlis, Thawj Hnub Ci tau hais rau cov tub ua lag luam tias kev sib tsoo ntawm Asmeskas cov chaw nres nkoj tau tuav cov vaj huam sib luag xa khoom los ntawm nws cov chaw hauv Asia.Kev nce hauv Asmeskas kev tsim khoom yuav tso cai rau lub tuam txhab siv txoj kev thiab kev tsheb ciav hlau los thauj nws cov vaj huam sib luag, tsis yog lub nkoj thauj khoom, Widmar tau hais.Thiab lub tuam txhab cov kev pab cuam rov ua dua tshiab rau nws cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tso cai rau nws rov siv cov ntaub ntawv ntau zaus, ntxiv txo nws txoj kev cia siab rau cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws thiab cov khoom siv raw.
Raws li Thawj Hnub Ci churns tawm panels, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm ob lub tuam txhab thiab NREL txuas ntxiv sim thiab txhim kho cadmium telluride technology.Hauv 2019, cov neeg koom testsim ib txoj hauv kev tshiabuas suav nrog "doping" cov ntaub ntawv nyias nyias nrog tooj liab thiab chlorine kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.Lub hli dhau los no, NRELtshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsigntawm 25-xyoo kev sim teb ntawm nws qhov chaw sab nraum zoov hauv Golden, Colorado.Ib qho 12-vaj huam sib luag ntawm cadmium telluride panels tau ua haujlwm ntawm 88 feem pua ntawm nws qhov kev ua tau zoo qub, ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub vaj huam sib luag uas zaum sab nraud rau ntau tshaj ob xyoo lawm.Qhov kev puas tsuaj "yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov tshuab silicon ua," raws li NREL tso tawm.
Mansfield, tus kws tshawb fawb NREL, tau hais tias lub hom phiaj tsis yog los hloov cov crystalline silicon nrog cadmium telluride lossis tsim ib lub thev naus laus zis zoo dua rau lwm qhov."Kuv xav tias muaj ib qho chaw rau lawv txhua tus hauv khw, thiab lawv txhua tus muaj lawv daim ntawv thov," nws hais."Peb xav kom txhua lub zog mus rau qhov chaw txuas ntxiv dua tshiab, yog li peb xav tau txhua yam ntawm cov cuab yeej sib txawv no kom tau raws li qhov kev sib tw."
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-17-2021